Selenium and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-edged sword

Selenium (Se) is a pivotal micronutrient crucial for human health, particularly in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review explores the impact of Se on T2DM, considering its delicate balance between deficiency and excess. It has antioxidant properties, but its relationship with T2DM follows a U-shaped curve. Se mimics insulin, guarding beta cells, but clinical studies discourage supplementation due to T2DM risk. Elevated Se disrupts glucose and lipid metabolism, causing hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. This connection warrants further investigation in nutritional science to manage Se intake carefully and promote overall well-being while reducing diabetes risk.