Biosensing technologies for groundwater contamination detection

The contamination of groundwater, mainly caused by industrial activities, agriculture, and population growth, presents a significant risk to both public health and ecosystems. Groundwater becomes infiltrated by pollutants such as heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, and emerging contaminants from a variety of sources, including industrial spills, agricultural runoff, and improper waste disposal. While traditional detection methods are dependable, they are often time-consuming and require a lot of labor, which hampers effective monitoring. To address contamination and safeguard groundwater resources, it is crucial to create detection technologies that are rapid, affordable, and highly sensitive. These advancements will allow for real-time monitoring, support timely interventions, and enhance water management practices, ultimately protecting public health and environmental sustainability.