A Comprehensive Review of Dementia: An Overview of Alzheimer’s Disease, Including Risk Factors, Clinical Classification, Diagnosis, Management, Treatment, and Caregiving Strategies

Dementia is a general term for different diseases that affect language, attention, thinking, executive function, memory and daily activities. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia, contributing 60 to 80% of the cases globally. This review discusses dementia in depth, with particular emphasis on AD, addressing its medical analysis, categorization, diagnostic techniques, management strategies, treatment options and caregiving considerations. A thorough study of these components is critical for early diagnosis and detection, optimal management, enhanced clinical results, and optimized quality of life for patients and radiologists. This review focused on providing detailed assessments of AD by examining its risk factors, medical prediction, diagnostic approaches, administrative mechanisms, and treatment and caregiving practices based on current scientific evidence. The adopted literature was assessed to recognize current findings relating to epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, and caregiving mechanisms for AD. The clinical findings show accurate investigations, neuroimaging approaches, laboratory examinations, and biomarker analysis. The reviewed literature indicates that AD remains a difficult and multifactorial neurodegenerative ailment requiring early diagnosis, individualized treatment, detail risk factor management, and multidisciplinary care. Further research into disease strategies, novel biomarkers for early diagnosis, preventive measures, and more effective therapeutic methods is critical to overcome the increasing global burden of AD.