Noble metal nanoparticles as novel antimicrobial agents: a possible solution to drug resistance

The sudden and rapid spread of infectious pathogens, along with the emergence of multi-drug resistance, has led to an urgent requirement for the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. In this regard, metal nanomaterials, specifically silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles, reportedly possess significant antimicrobial activity and have the potential to be developed for in vivo and surface applications. Ag and Au nanoparticles are promising candidates for combating drug-resistant microorganisms due to their intrinsic properties. Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), in particular, exhibitpotent antimicrobial effects by disrupting cellular structures and functions, impeding microbial growth and replication. Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), although less studied, have shown potential in inhibiting bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Their versatile synthesis and surface modication methods contribute to their adaptability for different applications. This article presents a concise report on the recent progress in the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties of Ag and Au nanoparticles and the challenges involved in it.